Scientists discover a ‘third state’ between life and death
So, to break it down even further, third state ‘beings’ are those that can undertake new functions after death. This means cancer cells are also excluded, since they don’t exhibit new fun
ctions either. Going back to the anthrobots, they were taken from human lung cells. But somehow they managed to repair damaged neuron cells placed in a nearby petri dish. They managed to move by using their own hair like projections, also known as cilia (Picture: Getty)
Chemistry Nobel Awarded for an AI System Chem That Predicts Protein Structures
• Physics 17, 149
The algorithm called AlphaFold has now been used to predict structures for all known proteins.
K. Dill/Stony Brook University
The protein-folding process can be represented as a pathway through an energy landscape. Protein molecules start out at the highest energies as chains of amino acids (upper edges of the funnel shape) and drop to lower energies as they fold into their final stable structures (bottom of the funnel).
The Nobel prize for Chemistry has been awarded this year for work on the computational design and structural prediction of protein molecules. Half of the prize goes to David Baker of the University of Washington and half jointly to Demis Hassabis and John M. Jumper of the artificial intelligence (AI) company Google DeepMind, based in London.
With the 2024 physics Nobel Prize given to researchers for their foundational work on the neural networks used by today’s AI systems, the chemistry prize further emphasizes the transformative effect such machine learning algorithms are having in many fields. The chemistry award “recognizes how AI is supercharging science,” says Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology, a chemistry Nobel laureate for her work on creating non-natural enzymes with new functions.
Ορισμένες διεργασίες στον εγκέφαλο, όπως η αναγνώριση και η ταξινόμηση, μπορούν να μοντελοποιηθούν ως αλληλεπιδράσεις τεχνητών νευρώνων, ή «κόμβων», σε ένα εξαιρετικά διασυνδεδεμένο δίκτυο. Αυτή η εμπνευσμένη από τη φυσική προσέγγιση στην ανθρώπινη μάθηση έχει αναγνωριστεί με το Βραβείο Νόμπελ Φυσικής 2024. Ο John Hopfield από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Πρίνστον και ο Geoffrey Hinton από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Τορόντο μοιράζονται το φετινό βραβείο για την εργασία τους στα τεχνητά νευρωνικά δίκτυα, τα οποία έχουν γίνει η βάση πολλών τεχνολογιών τεχνητής νοημοσύνης (AI), όπως συστήματα αναγνώρισης προσώπου και chatbot.
